您可以使用官方 Python 库 minismu_py 以编程方式控制 miniSMU MS01。借助这一接口,您可以方便地实现测量自动化、执行复杂的测试序列,并将 miniSMU 集成到您自己的应用程序和研究工作流程中。
安装
使用 pip 直接从 PyPI 安装 minismu_py 库:
pip install minismu_py
该库依赖项极少,需要:
- Python 3.6 或更高版本
- pyserial 包,用于 USB 连接
- tqdm 包(可选,用于示例中的进度条)
入门
基本连接
要开始使用 Python 接口,首先需要与您的 miniSMU MS01 建立连接:
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType
# For USB connection
smu = SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="/dev/ttyACM0") # Linux/Mac
# or
smu = SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") # Windows
# For WiFi connection
smu = SMU(ConnectionType.NETWORK, host="192.168.1.100", tcp_port=3333)
# Verify connection
print("Device Info:", smu.get_identity())
使用上下文管理器
SMU 类支持 Python 的上下文管理器协议,可自动完成资源清理:
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType
# Using context manager ensures proper cleanup
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# Work with the SMU
print("Device Info:", smu.get_identity())
# No need to explicitly close the connection
# It will be closed automatically when exiting the 'with' block
基本测量示例
下面是一个简单的示例,用于配置通道、设置电压并进行测量:
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType
import time
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# Configure channel 1
smu.set_mode(1, "FVMI") # Force Voltage, Measure Current mode
smu.set_voltage_range(1, "AUTO")
smu.enable_channel(1)
# Set voltage to 3.3V
smu.set_voltage(1, 3.3)
time.sleep(0.1) # Allow settling time
# Take measurements
voltage, current = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(1)
print(f"Voltage: {voltage:.6f}V")
print(f"Current: {current:.6f}A")
# Disable the channel when done
smu.disable_channel(1)
关键概念
连接类型
该库支持两种连接方式:
USB 连接:通过 USB 线缆直接连接
smu = SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3")网络连接:通过 Wi-Fi 连接
smu = SMU(ConnectionType.NETWORK, host="192.168.1.100")
测量模式
miniSMU 支持两种主要测量模式:
FVMI(施加电压、测量电流)
- 施加指定电压,并测量由此产生的电流
- 适用于电阻表征、二极管测试等
smu.set_mode(1, "FVMI")FIMV(施加电流、测量电压)
- 施加指定电流,并测量由此产生的电压
- 适用于 LED 测试、电池表征等
smu.set_mode(1, "FIMV")
错误处理
该库通过 SMUException 类提供自定义异常处理:
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType, SMUException
try:
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# SMU operations
pass
except SMUException as e:
print(f"SMU Error: {e}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
常用操作
设备信息
# Get device identity
identity = smu.get_identity()
print(f"Connected to: {identity}")
# Get system temperatures
adc_temp, ch1_temp, ch2_temp = smu.get_temperatures()
print(f"Temperatures: ADC: {adc_temp}°C, CH1: {ch1_temp}°C, CH2: {ch2_temp}°C")
通道配置
# Select channel to configure
channel = 1
# Set mode (FVMI: Force Voltage, Measure Current)
smu.set_mode(channel, "FVMI")
# Set voltage range (AUTO, LOW, HIGH)
smu.set_voltage_range(channel, "AUTO")
# Enable channel
smu.enable_channel(channel)
设置输出值
# Set voltage (in volts)
smu.set_voltage(1, 3.3)
# Set current (in amperes)
smu.set_current(2, 0.01) # 10mA
进行测量
# Measure voltage only
voltage = smu.measure_voltage(1)
print(f"Voltage: {voltage}V")
# Measure current only
current = smu.measure_current(1)
print(f"Current: {current}A")
# Measure both voltage and current in one command
voltage, current = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(1)
print(f"Voltage: {voltage}V, Current: {current}A")
控制通道状态
# Enable channel
smu.enable_channel(1)
# Disable channel
smu.disable_channel(1)
高级功能
电压扫描
您可以执行电压扫描来生成 I-V 曲线:
import csv
from tqdm import tqdm
import time
def voltage_sweep(smu, channel=1, start=-1.0, stop=1.0, step=0.1):
"""Perform a voltage sweep and measure current"""
try:
# Configure channel
smu.set_mode(channel, "FVMI")
smu.set_voltage_range(channel, "AUTO")
smu.enable_channel(channel)
# Create voltage points
voltages = [round(v, 3) for v in
[start + step*i for i in range(int((stop-start)/step) + 1)]]
results = []
# Create progress bar
for voltage in tqdm(voltages, desc="Voltage Sweep"):
smu.set_voltage(channel, voltage)
time.sleep(0.1) # Allow settling time
v, i = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(channel)
results.append({
'target_voltage': voltage,
'measured_voltage': v,
'measured_current': i
})
return results
finally:
# Always disable channel after measurement
smu.disable_channel(channel)
# Run voltage sweep and save results
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
sweep_results = voltage_sweep(smu, channel=1, start=-1.0, stop=1.0, step=0.05)
# Save results to CSV
with open('voltage_sweep_results.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[
'target_voltage', 'measured_voltage', 'measured_current'])
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerows(sweep_results)
print("Results saved to voltage_sweep_results.csv")
数据流
为实现高速数据采集,miniSMU 支持数据流传输:
import time
import csv
from tqdm import tqdm
from datetime import datetime
def stream_data(smu, channel=1, duration=10.0, sample_rate=100.0, voltage=3.3):
"""Stream data from the SMU for a specified duration"""
try:
# Configure channel
smu.set_mode(channel, "FVMI")
smu.enable_channel(channel)
smu.set_voltage(channel, voltage)
# Configure streaming
smu.set_sample_rate(channel, sample_rate)
# Set miniSMU's internal time for timestamping
current_time = int(time.time() * 1000) # Convert to milliseconds
smu.set_time(current_time)
# Calculate number of samples
num_samples = int(duration * sample_rate)
# Prepare data storage
timestamps = []
voltages = []
currents = []
# Start streaming
print("Starting streaming...")
smu.start_streaming(channel)
# Collect data with progress bar
pbar = tqdm(total=num_samples, desc="Streaming Data")
while len(timestamps) < num_samples:
try:
# Read streaming data packet
data_channel, t, v, i = smu.read_streaming_data()
# Only process data from the requested channel
if data_channel == channel:
timestamps.append(t)
voltages.append(v)
currents.append(i)
pbar.update(1)
except Exception as e:
print(f"\nError reading streaming data: {e}")
break
# Stop streaming
smu.stop_streaming(channel)
pbar.close()
# Save data to CSV
filename = f'streaming_data_{datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")}.csv'
with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
writer.writerow(['Timestamp (s)', 'Voltage (V)', 'Current (A)'])
for t, v, i in zip(timestamps, voltages, currents):
writer.writerow([t, v, i])
print(f"Data saved to {filename}")
return timestamps, voltages, currents
finally:
# Always cleanup
smu.disable_channel(channel)
smu.stop_streaming(channel)
# Stream data for 5 seconds at 100Hz
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
timestamps, voltages, currents = stream_data(
smu,
channel=1,
duration=5.0,
sample_rate=100.0,
voltage=3.3
)
四线开尔文测量
用于消除引线电阻影响的高精度测量:
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# Enable 4-wire mode (CH2 becomes sense channel)
smu.enable_fourwire_mode()
# Configure CH1 as voltage source
smu.set_mode(1, "FVMI")
smu.set_voltage(1, 1.0)
smu.enable_channel(1)
# Measure - returns CH1 current and CH2 (sense) voltage
voltage, current = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(1)
resistance = voltage / current
print(f"True resistance: {resistance:.6f} Ohm")
# Disable 4-wire mode when done
smu.disable_fourwire_mode()
Wi-Fi 配置
该库提供用于管理 Wi-Fi 设置的函数:
# Scan for available networks
networks = smu.wifi_scan()
for network in networks:
print(f"SSID: {network['ssid']}, RSSI: {network['rssi']}")
# Configure WiFi credentials
smu.set_wifi_credentials("YourNetworkSSID", "YourPassword")
# Enable WiFi
smu.enable_wifi()
# Check WiFi status
status = smu.get_wifi_status()
print(f"Connected: {status.connected}")
print(f"SSID: {status.ssid}")
print(f"IP Address: {status.ip_address}")
print(f"Signal Strength: {status.rssi}dBm")
应用示例
器件表征
此示例通过执行电压扫描并分析结果来表征一个二极管:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# Configure channel
smu.set_mode(1, "FVMI")
smu.enable_channel(1)
# Perform voltage sweep
voltages = np.linspace(-0.5, 1.0, 100) # -0.5V to 1.0V in 100 steps
measured_voltages = []
measured_currents = []
for v in voltages:
smu.set_voltage(1, v)
time.sleep(0.05) # Allow settling time
mv, mi = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(1)
measured_voltages.append(mv)
measured_currents.append(mi)
# Disable channel when done
smu.disable_channel(1)
# Plot results
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.plot(measured_voltages, measured_currents * 1000) # Convert to mA
plt.grid(True)
plt.xlabel('Voltage (V)')
plt.ylabel('Current (mA)')
plt.title('Diode I-V Characteristic')
plt.savefig('diode_iv_curve.png')
plt.show()
自动测试序列
此示例演示了一个电池自动测试序列:
import time
import csv
from datetime import datetime
from minismu_py import SMU, ConnectionType
def battery_discharge_test(smu, channel=1, discharge_current=0.01, cutoff_voltage=3.0):
"""Perform battery discharge test until cutoff voltage is reached"""
try:
# Configure for constant current discharge (FIMV mode)
smu.set_mode(channel, "FIMV")
smu.enable_channel(channel)
# Set discharge current (negative for discharge)
smu.set_current(channel, -discharge_current)
# Prepare data storage
start_time = time.time()
results = []
print(f"Starting battery discharge test at {discharge_current*1000:.1f}mA")
print(f"Test will run until battery voltage reaches {cutoff_voltage}V")
# Run test until cutoff voltage is reached
while True:
# Measure voltage and current
voltage, current = smu.measure_voltage_and_current(channel)
# Calculate elapsed time
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
# Record data
results.append({
'time': elapsed_time,
'voltage': voltage,
'current': current
})
# Display progress
print(f"\rTime: {elapsed_time:.1f}s, Voltage: {voltage:.3f}V, Current: {current*1000:.1f}mA", end="")
# Check if cutoff voltage reached
if voltage <= cutoff_voltage:
print("\nCutoff voltage reached. Test complete.")
break
# Wait before next measurement
time.sleep(5) # Take measurements every 5 seconds
# Save results
filename = f'battery_discharge_{datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")}.csv'
with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['time', 'voltage', 'current'])
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerows(results)
print(f"Results saved to {filename}")
return results
finally:
# Always disable channel when done
smu.disable_channel(channel)
# Run battery discharge test
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
battery_discharge_test(
smu,
channel=1,
discharge_current=0.01, # 10mA discharge
cutoff_voltage=3.0 # 3.0V cutoff
)
API 参考
连接管理
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
SMU(connection_type, port, host, tcp_port) | 初始化 SMU 连接 |
close() | 关闭连接 |
get_identity() | 获取设备标识信息 |
reset() | 复位设备 |
输出与测量
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
set_voltage(channel, voltage) | 设置指定通道的电压 |
set_current(channel, current) | 设置指定通道的电流 |
measure_voltage(channel) | 测量指定通道的电压 |
measure_current(channel) | 测量指定通道的电流 |
measure_voltage_and_current(channel) | 同时测量电压和电流 |
通道配置
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
enable_channel(channel) | 启用指定通道 |
disable_channel(channel) | 禁用指定通道 |
set_voltage_range(channel, range_type) | 设置电压量程(AUTO/LOW/HIGH) |
set_mode(channel, mode) | 设置通道模式(FIMV/FVMI) |
数据流
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
start_streaming(channel) | 开始数据流传输 |
stop_streaming(channel) | 停止数据流传输 |
read_streaming_data() | 读取数据流数据包(通道、时间戳、电压、电流) |
set_sample_rate(channel, rate) | 设置采样率(单位为 Hz) |
系统配置
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
set_led_brightness(brightness) | 设置 LED 亮度(0-100) |
get_led_brightness() | 获取当前 LED 亮度 |
get_temperatures() | 获取系统温度(ADC、通道 1、通道 2) |
set_time(timestamp) | 设置设备内部时钟(以毫秒为单位的 Unix 时间戳) |
enable_fourwire_mode() | 启用四线开尔文测量模式 |
disable_fourwire_mode() | 禁用四线模式,恢复为独立通道 |
get_fourwire_mode() | 查询四线模式状态(返回 bool) |
Wi-Fi 配置
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
wifi_scan() | 扫描可用的 Wi-Fi 网络 |
get_wifi_status() | 获取当前 Wi-Fi 状态 |
set_wifi_credentials(ssid, password) | 设置 Wi-Fi 凭据 |
enable_wifi() | 启用 Wi-Fi |
disable_wifi() | 禁用 Wi-Fi |
最佳实践
使用 minismu_py 库时,建议遵循以下做法:
1. 使用上下文管理器
始终使用 Python 上下文管理器,以确保正确清理资源:
with SMU(ConnectionType.USB, port="COM3") as smu:
# Code here
2. 始终禁用通道
测量完成后禁用通道:
try:
smu.enable_channel(1)
# Your measurement code
finally:
smu.disable_channel(1)
3. 留出建立时间
留出建立时间,以获得稳定的测量结果:
smu.set_voltage(1, 3.3)
time.sleep(0.1) # Allow settling time before measuring
4. 正确处理异常
实现正确的异常处理:
try:
# SMU operations
except SMUException as e:
print(f"SMU Error: {e}")
5. 检查连接状态
执行操作前先确认连接:
identity = smu.get_identity()
if not identity:
print("Device not responding")
6. 关闭连接
完成后务必关闭连接:
smu.close()
故障排查
常见问题
无法连接设备
- 确认设备已开机
- 检查 USB 线缆连接
- 确认端口名称正确
- 确保没有其他软件正在使用该端口
通信错误
- 复位设备
- 关闭连接后重新打开
- 检查是否存在干扰或线缆问题
- 确认波特率正确(115200)
测量结果异常
- 检查通道配置(模式、量程)
- 留出足够的建立时间
- 确认与被测器件的连接
- 检查保护限值
Wi-Fi 连接问题
- 确保 Wi-Fi 天线已正确安装
- 确认 Wi-Fi 凭据
- 检查信号强度
- 先通过 USB 连接来配置 Wi-Fi
更多资源
如需更多高级示例和详细文档,请访问上面的官方代码仓库和文档链接。